Nature of Industrial Buying: Industrial Marketing

URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ACCOUNTANCY AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION San Vicente West, Urdaneta City 2428 Pangasinan, Philippines Telefax No. (075) 568-7612 Website: www. ucu. edu. com BY: IAN JOSEPH ROBISO MARC TON ALEXIS PEREZ MARITA LABIANO KENT NOEL JAVIER ILENE GONZALES BEVERLY ROSARIO RICHARD SUMERA LOVELY SORIA BSBA-III Major in MARKETING MANAGEMENT SUBMITTED TO: MR. LADI GEORGE L. GASCON INSTRUCTOR Nature of Industrial Buying: Industrial Marketing Buy Phase in Industrial Buying * Buying is a hierarchical dynamic procedure There are 8 Phases in Buying Decision Process * In Industrial market the purchasing dynamic procedure noticeable successive stages, understanding these stage assists creating with appropriating selling system The Buying Decision of association is impact by ecological variables, authoritative elements, relational components and individual elements: * Personal †e. g. Age, Education, Income, Personality, Risk Attitude, Culture * Inter-Personal †e. g. Intrigue, Authority, Status, Empathy, Persuasiveness * Organization †e. g.Objective, Policies, Procedures, Organization Systems and Structure * Environment †e. g. Level of Demand, Economic Viewpoint, Technology Change, Political Development, Social Responsibility 8 Phases in Industrial Buying * Identify the issue †mechanical advertisers distinguish issues in purchasing association and propose how issue is? * General need Description †when the issue is perceived next is to determine the issue. For specialized items, the specialized. * Product Specification †built up an exact articulation of the item or administration, choosing right providers suggest. Providers Research †search of possible providers from vertical centers, useful center points, direct additional connect to significant providers ,exchange * Analyze Suppliers Proposal †when the certified providers chose, the purchasing association acquires the solicitation for proposition. * Sup pliers Selection †Evaluation of proposition of contending providers and select providers * Selection of Order And Routine †setting orders w/chose providers, recurrence of the request situation, levels of stock follows. Execution Review †execution criticism of the providers occur and post buy assessment Organizational Purchase Situation * New Task †a Situation that the organization is purchasing the thing just because. The purchasing association will normally have had little involvement in the item or administration. The hazard included is more, choices may take longer time and top administration is included. * Modified Re-Buy †This circumstance happens when the association isn't happy with the presentation of the current suppliers.Search data about elective wellspring of gracefully. The change I provider is probably going to incorporate a few agents, including mid level administration and evaluative measures are dissected. * Straight Re-Buy †Buying item s or administrations persistently and buys that are made before. Rehash orders with the provider. The reordering procedure might be totally mechanized or done routinely by administrative faculty. Buys are frequently dealt with under an agreement and cost or reliably the predominant evaluative rules. Members in the Business Buying ProcessParticipants in the hierarchical purchasing process play asâ many as seven unique jobs, specifically those ofâ initiator,â influencer, approver, client, decider, purchaser andâ gatekeeper * Initiators †Recognize an issue or a need. The Initiator can be any person in purchasing firm. * Influencers †Individuals impact the purchasing choice. Specialized individuals, for example, quality control engineers, plan engineers have extensive impact on buy choice. * Deciders †The real purchasing choices are made by the deciders. They are at least one people associated with the purchasing decision.Senior administrators may become deciders. * B uyers †Buyers get citations from providers, assess, arrange, process buy, orders, advance conveys and actualize buy approaches. * Users †Usersâ alsoâ play aâ roleâ ofâ initiators Individuals who use items or administrations Define details ofâ needed items * Approvers †Approverâ endorse and consent to the purchaseâ andâ also play aâ role ofâ deciders * Gatekeeper †Gatekeepers control the stream ofâ information in regards to items and administrations and control the purchasing place Assistants orâ junior personâ ofâ purchase managersKey Members of Buying Center * Top Management Executives * Managing Director, Presidents, Vice President or General chiefs * Approve buy, choose rules and buy strategy * Technical People * Technical individuals are designâ engineers, creation, quality control, R& D managers * Specify items, specialized assessment, input on item provided, haggle with providers * Purchase/Material Department Senior administrato rs, junior levels,â purchaser officials or colleagues * Coordinate with specialized individuals, topâ management, accounts also the providers or merchants * Accounts/Finance for finishing theâ financial endorsements, mode ofâ paymentâ andâ insuranceâ of bankâ guarantees * Marketing * Are the influencers in the purchasing procedure Summary * The mechanical showcasing need to comprehend the buying goals and buying exercises of the modern purchasers. The mechanical purchasers are affected by both buying target of the firm and individual destinations. The mechanical purchasers are affected by numerous components, the central point like ecological variables, hierarchical elements, relational elements and individual elements. * There are 3 regular sorts of purchasing circumstances including new undertaking, adjusted re-purchase and straight re-purchase. * There are 8 periods of purchasing dynamic procedure incorporate Initiator, Influencer, Approver, User, Decider, Buyer and Gatek eeper. The modern markets ought to distinguish the key individuals from purchasing focus in each purchasing choice.

A Sad Love Story Free Essays

A pitiful Love Story.. A kid proposed his sweetheart for marriage, Girl: Tell me. We will compose a custom article test on A Sad Love Story or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now . Who do you love most in this world? Kid: You, obviously ! Young lady: What am I to you? Kid: The kid thought for a second and glanced eagerly in her eyes and said â€Å"u r missing piece of my heart † She grinned, and she acknowledged his proposition. ::  ¦ ::  ¦ :  ¦ ::  ¦ ::  ¦ ::  ¦ After their wedding , the couple had a sweet and upbeat life for some time . Notwithstanding ,the young couple started to float separated because of the bustling timetable of life and the endless concerns of aily issues and not long after their life became troublesome . ::  ¦ ::  ¦ :  ¦ ::  ¦ ::  ¦ ::  ¦ ::  ¦::  ¦ : All the difficulties presented by the brutal real factors of life started to float away their fantasies and love for one another . .. The couple started to have more fights and each squabble became make their connection all the more most exceedingly terrible. One day , after the fight , the young lady came up short on the house.. .. At the contrary roadside , she shouted,† You don’ t love me †¦ !† The kid abhorred her whimsicalness and out of drive, stated ,†May be, it was a mix-up for us to e together ..! You were never da missing piece of my  ¦ †¦ !† Suddenly, she turned calm and remained there for quite a while .. .. He lamented what he said yet wordsspoken cant be reclaimed. With tears in her eyes, she returned home to pack her things and Before leaving the house,she left a note for him: â€Å"If I ‘m truly not da missing piece of ur  ¦, let me go.. n look for total 1 whu is. .. It is less excruciating thisway†¦ released us on our different ways and quest for our own accomplices .. .† ::  ¦ ::  ¦ :  ¦ ::  ¦ ::  ¦ ::  ¦ ::  ¦::  ¦ : Five years passed by. .. He never remarried however he had attempted to get some answers concerning her life in a roundabout way .. †¦ . She had left the nation and was experiencing her fantasies. He use to lament on what he did yet never attempted to bring her back. . In obscurity and desolate night , he lit his cigarette and felt the waiting hurt in his heart. He couldn’ t force himself to concede that he was feeling the loss of her . †¦. One day , they at long last met†¦ . At the air terminal , He was leaving on a work excursion . He saw her, She was remaining there alone, with simply the security entryway isolating them. She grinned at him delicately . Kid: How are you ? Young lady: I’ m fine. You should.. . Have you discovered your heart ‘ s missing part.. .? Kid: No . Young lady: I’ ll be traveling to New York in the following flight . Kid: I ‘ll return in about fourteen days time . Call me when you are back †¦ You know my number †¦ . Nothing has changed . With a grin , she pivoted and waved farewell .. â€Å"Good-bye . . . † Same night he knew about a plane accident which was gone to New York . He attempted to think about her and discovered that,She passed on . 12 PM. †¦ Once again , he lit his cigarette. †¦ . Furthermore, as in the past, he felt the waiting hurt in his heart. †¦ He at last knew , she was that missing part that he had imprudently broken . . . Some of the time, individuals make statements out of snapshots of fury†¦ .. We take outour 99% disappointments at our friends and family. †¦ And despite the fact that we know that we should to†think twice and act wisely†, we really dont do it. Things happen every day , a considerable lot of which are outside our ability to control . Make an effort not to hurt ur cherished once, bcz amoment of outrage cud b a lifetym discipline †¦ u Step by step instructions to refer to A Sad Love Story, Papers

Emergence and Impact of Regional Parties Essay

It is coming down abbreviations in legislative issues and the energetic Indian political scene is overflowed. Indeed, so as Regional gatherings make strides with astounding energetic promptness in a various India where a quick changing political guide currently guarantees an at no other time assortment. Pitiful in Punjab on one side, SP, BSP in Uttar Pradesh on the other, RJD, JD(U) in Bihar as additionally DMK, AIADMK, PMK, MDMK and DMDK in the profound South and TMC, AGP and others in North-East â€they appear to be streaming in from all niches and corners to loan an alternate tint, their own tone, to the political waters as they stream in our nation today. In spite of the fact that the trial with territorial legislative issues originally prevailing in the late 1960s when numerous gatherings won against the Congress, it was just post-1989 that provincial governmental issues truly turned into a marvel, setting down deep roots, graciousness the National Parties themselves. The letters in order soup representing the striking change of India’s legislative issues in the course of recent decades, prepared on the fire gave by the space emptied by National Parties to be married to the reason for local issues, neighborhood yearnings and regional needs. Likewise, contracting space of the National Parties prompted making of a vacuum which the Regional gatherings were glad to fill. They jumped up and walked ahead as a result of the leanings of the general population to propel its desires. Basically individualistic, character driven gatherings limited by a lose chain of thought as opposed to a durable facilitated philosophy, these pandered to territorial populism with a much smaller vision of things sans any expansive put together National accord with respect to belief system and issues. Be that as it may, at that point, what did the mushrooming of these local gatherings, at long last, discover appearance in? While it fortified the government structure with declaration by the States of the Union for its offer in power, benefits, charges, incomes and advantages of miniaturized scale full scale plans, it additionally prompted a specific measure of sound rivalry bury se states, making us the republic that we truly are. It additionally offered ascend to the idea of â€Å"shared sovereignty†, set apart by an expansion in the limit of the state to impact its own advancement execution while improving the delegate character of India’s popular government. The steady ascent of these local â€Å"home-grown† parties, sharing the one regular quality of having a mass base in just the condition of their introduction to the world, prompted a spate of established and authoritative changes regarding legal, managerial and focus state relations. Not just this, it weaved together an interaction of powers, provoking National gatherings to rope them in for help as well as realized a reliance which loaned a Regional flavor to National Policies. At that point, it is in this that rose the excellence of the pigeon following of the National and these Regional substances. However, at that point, since excellence is never flaw free, there is a flip side as well. Given their â€Å"strategic† situating, the Regional gatherings have not just abused this reliance of the National Parties for their own favorable position at the same time, on occasion, even arm-bent the last to get their direction. There’s an exit from this of maze wherein National Parties end up lost in and it doesn't lie in a top-down methodology which, in the current occasions, appears insufficient as well as obsolete. We have an India characterized by assembly of a plenty of personality and intrigue bunches which have taken the shape and type of Regional gatherings to diffuse genuine force from the Center to the states. The National Parties need to wake up and smell the espresso. The supports of reliance on Regional gatherings need to go and they need to not just figure out how to remain on their own feet however even walk that additional mile to satisfy territorial desires to show that every last one of the 28 states matters so a lot. For this, they should allow provincial units to work at the nearby level as semi-autonomous units with sufficient adaptability for administration working at the territorial level. This will help offset the provincial enthusiasm with the National intrigue which numerous multiple times end upconflicting with one another. Moreover, a firm National gathering with semiindependent territorial waterway jacketed unit to take into account local interests is the main assurance for guaranteeing persistent unification inside India’s multi-ethnic decent variety which weaves the numerous strands of district, religion, culture and legislative issues into one social texture we call India.

The Advantages of Gwu Essay Samples

The Advantages of Gwu Essay Samples An essay has to be composed of an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. Nowadays you know what it requires to receive an ideal essay score. The best method to find out how to find a high Analytical Writing score is to take a look at a GRE essay sample, but doing so with no guidance can be overwhelming. To begin with, utilize the perfect-scoring sample GRE essays within this guide as models of feasible methods to do the essay tasks. Essay writing can be rather a challenge. Essay writing examples in doc format like the ones given may help steer you in writing an excellent composition. Writing a number of drafts can enable you to reduce extra details. Essay writing skills is a tough and time-consuming job. What You Need to Do About Gwu Essay Samples Beginning in the Next Seven Minutes As you pay for homework, we provide those options at no cost. Provide all the first details, let us know about the deadline, and we'll begin making your paper to aid you in getting high grades. Students need to know how to use scholarly sources efficiently to gather such info and the way to cite sources correctly. Gwu Essay Samples: the Ultimate Convenience! Argumentative essay about fast food higher education is comparable to a full-time work and you will even now find friendly jezowacom. If given the opportunity to attend NYU, I would benefit from such seminars and workshops to improve my classroom knowledge. Identify two those who know you well and understand why you're pursuing graduate education. Usually, MPH programs want to find applicants with a strong awareness of direction within the area, together with realistic goals that reflect their educational and professional backgrounds. Even when you're undecided on what major you want to study, you must pick a particular school or college to apply to. WID courses could be taken as late as the senior year to fulfill the requirement, but this isn't advised. This is your opportunity to spell out how graduate school is the all-natural connection between your prior achievements and one of a kind passion for public well-being, and your larger ambition to donate to the field later on. However, since the university has so many distinct institutions it's impossible to tackle all requirements of each student. 1 hurdle that you have to surmount when planning to visit college is the application procedure. Even in the event the deadline is very tight, feel free to get hold of our managers. Don't forget that the college application is critical, but much less critical as your grades. New Questions About Gwu Essay Samples He was also an excellent leader who decided to conserve the republic. The absolute most memorable personal statements are ones with a crystal clear theme or purpose that unifies the ideas and data presented. You should have your reasons, and our primary concern is that you find yourself getting an excellent grade. Thus the organization is a significant tool and possibility to fulfill new folks, build relationships away from the classroom and to engage with people from the industry world. Never copy an essay from the web or have somebody else write it for you. If you're a strong writer, you may also have the ability to present your topic in a special and intriguing way. But permit me to declare that I'll approach this subject from the more fragile, Japanese side. Always request help and keep focused on your topic. The Little-Known Secrets to Gwu Essay Samples As soon as you have gathered ideas on this issue, you must properly place your thoughts into words. The majority of the moment, the conversation will end quickly, and the inquirer will leave with only the additional knowledge that a number of languages are written in various directions. I think these were confined to 100 words each. Bear in mind, you merely have 200-600 words. Whispered Gwu Essay Samples Secrets Be certain to continue to write and revise until you're certain your statement is the best you may produce. Have a look at the remainder of your program, and think what else are you missing f rom your application that you really need to emphasize. Before you start your application process, determine which sort of applicant you're so you know what steps you must take. Although the wording of the personal statement requirement might vary from fellowship to fellowship, below are some essential things to remember.

The Minimum Drinking Age Act Of 1984 - 1219 Words

Let’s face it; alcohol is an excessively abused drug. Underage parties involving alcohol are increasing in popularity among high school and college-aged students. The drinking age should be lowered to 18 because adults can legally marry, begin a career and support a family, as well as serve in the military and prison. Along with these and many other reasons, the rebellious nature for wanting to participate in illegal activities is an immense driving force for why teens and young adults drink illegally. Why is the Minimum Legal Drinking Age 21? State governments decided their own individual drinking age after Prohibition ended in 1933. Through out the course of the Vietnam War, some states lowered their drinking age to 18, 19, and 20†¦show more content†¦Consequently, teens and young adults find that illegal alcohol consumption, along with other similar activities will make them seem cooler to his or her peers. Teens do not drink soda because it’s â€Å"cool.â €  Teens drink soda in order to quench thirst and also because of the satisfying taste that soda offers. Plot twist: if soda were to become illegal, there would be a black market created within the next day. Most teens abuse alcohol as often as they do because it is illegal. Despite the current legal drinking age being 21, underage drinkers have a virtually unlimited supply to alcohol because parents, siblings, and friends that are of age can easily supply them with booze; 26 percent of underage drinkers receive alcohol from parents or family members. In fact, 40 percent of young adults receive alcoholic beverages from friends and family (2008, Edgar Snyder). â€Å"When asked how easy it would be to get alcohol, most 8th, 10th, and 12th graders said ‘fairly easy’ or ‘very easy’† (2008, Edgar Snyder). One main reason drinking should be allowed for college-aged students is because they are all adults, and should have equal rights as any other adult once they turn 18. As legal adults, 18-year-olds hold the option to serve in the military and die for the United States of America, can purchase cigarettes, and are able to wed, and live on their own. Along with legal obligations such as paying taxes and standing as an active jury member, adults can take out loans,

Essay on Advertising Changes Social Values - 2446 Words

Change is imminent. As resistant as people may be to alter their patterns everything changes over time, especially social values. Whether it be new technology, changes in the economy, or new understandings, values never stay the same. Nothing reflects these values more than advertising and trying to appeal to the peoples need to â€Å"fit in† with the values of society. Since the beginning of advertising the sellers are trying to find ways to make the consumers buy into their goods or services and there is no better way than to reflect on how people’s attitudes and beliefs are focused. Changing social values are always reflected in advertising for consumer products. As social values change so too does the approach that advertisers take†¦show more content†¦The shift that we are seeing due to the recession is that companies are starting to offer more information on their services in order to help the consumer make a better decision for themselves, rather th an say putting a cute little baby on TV because they think people will be more likely to buy from them because of that. One article states Consumers often make financial choices that are not necessarily good for them. Errors in choices arise from certain financial biases, emotion, incomplete information, and limited understanding. Consumers are often skeptical of advertising whose claims are difficult and complex to understand. They rather prefer advertising that assists them in their economic decision-making. Consumers are accountable for responsibly using financial products and those who get in over their heads must find a way to manage fiscal responsibilities. Financial services organizations should provide their consumers with information about the consequences of inappropriate financial management(Changing 2011). In a study done by Taejun Lee, Ronald Taylor, and Wonjun Chung, advertising strategies were studied to see how they will be affected due to an economic crisis. According to Lee (2011), â€Å"The Great Depression revealed that successful companies did adjustShow MoreRelatedAdvertisement And Culture Of The Media1658 Words   |  7 Pagesadvertisement and pictures in the media is certainly creating a unique mental space in the mind of social capitals. As far as the advertising and their social influence are concern, the understanding of cultural differences is often considered a prerequisite for successful international advertising (Keegan, 2008) because consumers grow up in a particular culture and become aligned with that culture s value system as well as beliefs and perception processes. Several studies have shown that consumersRead MoreImpact Of Social Media On Business Performance1730 Words   |  7 PagesImpact of Social Media Marketing Introduction: It is considered that social media tools have gained a lot of popularity as well as increasingly used in day to day operations of many business organizations or companies, from start-up to small medium as well as large multinational organizations. Despite the fact that social media has gained popularity over it use, little has been known for their values to the business world or industry. The tools and technologies support for social media on businessRead MoreIntroduction to Emotion1205 Words   |  5 Pagesare going on at the moment or when we remember something that happened in the past.   Frequently, we also experience physiological changes, such as feeling hot; faster heartbeats, changes in our breathing, knotting in our stomachs, etc. when we feel an emotion. 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A person can make an idea a business, however, is not the same as having it in his head that develop it. The first thing an entrepreneur should do to do when starting an own business is to check to what extent this idea is innovative, find out if there are customers for it and what is their market. The mill itself has no meaning, only has economic value when placedRead MoreSocial Media And Political Economy1174 Words   |  5 PagesFuchs s article relates social media with power and political economy, which roots in Karl Max s critical theory toward capitalism s exploit on free labor sources. Recall from what Fuchs mentioned on chapter one, he discussed about the concept of social media by introducing a four dynamic process: cognition, communication and co-operation. Each one is closely associated with a notion of sociality from different philosophical points of view. However, in this chapter, he extends the critical theory

Panorama Supporting In Impaired Individuals -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Panorama Supporting In Impaired Individuals? Answer: Introducation It can be very much difficult for a sighted person to take into accounting and imagine how much it is difficult for blind and visually impaired person to use a computer. In order for them to use software and applications there can be different technics, which can be incorporated. A screen reader in this concept can be considered an essential software for the blind and visually impaired person. This concept is achieved by putting a screen reader, which transmits whatever text is on the screen of the computer into a form that a visually impaired person can process. This is usually auditory, tactile or combination of both. The Serotek System access is another tool, which can be downloaded and used even outside the browser. This makes it one of the quickest way of running a computer for the blind people (Voykinska et al. 2014) The color blindness concept normally effect one of 20 users who are not able to see the website with its full beauty. Taking into consideration this type of users the images and the text may be seen a bit unrecognizable and fuzzy. There are few softwares which helps in assisting this type of user. Visolve can be considered as a software that uses filters, which allow better differentiation between colors making the colors light and darker or increase in the saturation level. This enhances the usability and the accessibility of the content which is digital. Daltap is also a software that comes with many features, which are useful. The softwares naming feature gives the name of the color at the tip of the cursor, which enables the user to zoom or enlarge in the mouse area (Gelenbe and Caseau 2015). Three ways by which ICT can be used for the reduction of the carbon Footprints and contribute to Green ICT are: Limit the use of screensavers: The concept of screensaver can be used for personalizing the computer. However, it can be stated that using a screensaver provides a shield for the computer screen from the aspect of prying eyes. Taking into consideration the concern related to power saving option, it should be activated to eventually switch off the monitors if the PC remains idle for an extended period. Turning of the PCs when not in use: This can be considered an obvious recommendation, a desktop, which consist of a CRT monitor, consumes the electricity, which is equal to four bright light on full power. If both the CPU and the monitors marketing kept on for 8 hours, it can result in a monthly consumption of 58 kWh of electricity (Tidrow, Boyce and Shapiro 2017). The aspect can be reduced by turning off the PC when not in use. Monitoring of consumption: There are different type of software, which aim at the monitoring of the power consumption of the computer. They target at enterprise network environment for example NightWatchman and Joulex. There is also a social network called Welectrcity, which is a free online service that helps their member to track and reduce the electrical consumption at home (Dialameh et al. 2017) Response comparison In the aspect of the reduction of reduction of the carbon footprints most of the classmates have mainly put focus on the consumption of the electricity and how it can be reduced. In this report, the electricity is taken into consideration but also the monitoring issue, which is related to it, are also discussed. It can be more beneficial when the electricity consumption and the monitoring aspect are taken together which can be more beneficial. Building a computer on the production line of identical computers can be considered as a process. This is due to the factor that labor involvement in the process is small or restricted to one person (Ranathungage, Fernando and Perera 2017). Building a house as one of the series of identical houses all over Australia can be considered as a process because it consist of mainly one type of activity. This can be considered as a process. This is mainly due to the factor that up gradation of windows 7 to windows 10 consist of very small task which is process oriented. Upgrading all the 120 computers can be considered as a project because it would involve time and involvement of more than one human activity in order to reduce the time concept. It involves planning on how the project would be started and the work force, which has to be involved into it (Anand et al. 2017) Comparison with Classmates Most of the classmates considered the up gradation of the computer to windows 10 as a project. In this context, it can be stated that a project mainly involve more than one activity but over the concept, it is just one activity, which has to be done. So it should have been stated as a process rather than project The upgrading concept in most of the cases are stated as a process. In this context, it can be a process as well as a project as it can be considered as a single task including multiple activity or in a whole a single activity ignoring the individual activity and taking them as one process. References Anand, A., Das, S., Aggrawal, D. and Kapur, P.K., 2017. Reliability Analysis for Upgraded Software with Updates. InQuality, IT and Business Operations (pp. 323-333). Springer, Singapore. Dialameh, O., Miller, D., Blanchard, C., Dorcey, T.C. and Sudol, J.M., Nant Holdings IP LLC, 2017.Augmented Reality Panorama Supporting Visually Impaired Individuals. U.S. Patent Application 15/353,016. Gelenbe, E. and Caseau, Y., 2015. The impact of information psychology on energy consumption and carbon emissions.Ubiquity,2015(June), p.1. Ranathungage, A., Fernando, N. and Perera, S., 2017. Estimating Whole Life Cycle Carbon Emissions of Buildings: a literature review. Tidrow, R., Boyce, J. and Shapiro, J.R., 2017. Getting around the Windows Desktop.Windows 10 Anniversary Update Bible, pp.37-66. Voykinska, V., Azenkot, S., Wu, S. and Leshed, G., 2016, February. How blind people interact with visual content on social networking services. InProceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work Social Computing(pp. 1584-1595). ACM.

Outreach program free essay sample

To our parents, who offered us their unconditional love and support. To our teachers, who shared with us their knowledge and skills. To the children of the Pilot Elementary School, who made the Outreach Program memorable. To our school, who supported and implemented this program. And above all, to our Almighty God who has given as everything in life. PLEDGE OF LOYALTY We, the   Economics 1st year student, do hereby Solemnly pledge to be ever faithful to God, to our country and to our school. We promise to develop ourselves to be mature and genuine citizens of the country everyday in our lives. We will aspire to actualize the gift of life so that we could be of greater service to our fellowmen. In all our thoughts, decisions and actions, we will seek the glory of the Lord. So help me God. INTRODUCTION A child is a child. They want toys, gifts, surprises, foods and everything that give them satisfaction but, they need love from all people around them , love from God, and love from their family. We will write a custom essay sample on Outreach program or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They need happiness that give way to their success and care from those people that they love. The reason why we are doing this is to give their happiness. Happiness moments that could be so memorable and unforgetable to them. In just a simple things weve done we want to see them smile nor to laugh. We want them to realize that eventhough they are a little child they can give happiness to everyone. Our personal intent here is to help them to build their courage and hope in order to face the future, the reality of life, that not all the time there is happiness, sometimes problems and stragles may occur in their lives to give strength to acheive their goals. People can search for their happiness but me, I didnt search it Im just enjoying what ive done thats why it gives happiness to me. The outreach program taught us a lot of good things: contentment with what we have, responsibility and discipline in doing tasks, humility towards those who have less, generosity to those who are in need, hopefulness to what God will give us and gratefulness towards God’s gift to us. The whole outreach experience was nothing new to me but surprisingly, every moment came as a new experience. It was enlightening moment for me, realizing what was beyond the small world that I live in. My eyes were opened to the harsh realities of life. I really learned a lot in this wonderful outreach program. And I though to myself.

Name about my name poem Essays

Name about my name poem Essays Name about my name poem Essay Name about my name poem Essay Name: Course: Lecturer: Date: Name about my name poem Ahmed I was named after my grandfather, It is the number 300, In addition, my name is of profit Mohamed’s name, It is a Muslim name and it embraces humor, As a way of defusing hatred and prompting understanding, My initials is AA, My nickname is Ace, The reason for my nickname is because, Whenever I play card, I do have at least one ace on my head, My name is Ahmed, My friends misinterprets it as Ahmed Ahmed, Just like the Arab-American comedy actor, Because I make funs, which make them laugh, My friends find it hard to hate me because am peaceful, My name is Ahmed, It means I believe in religious revolutionary, That only through Ahmed, people can seek Allah, He is the one, who brings trustworthiness that improves, Performance of Islamic religious beliefs, My name is Ahmed, The profit of Mohammed through which people seek Allah, Those who seek for help from Allah, Have no doubts on him, Because they will get peace through Mohamed, My name is Ahmed, It is like prophet Mohamed, Because through Allah, he creates peace, It is the memory of my grandfather, Who taught me to believe and have piece with others.

Leadership and Management of the Company Case Study

Leadership and Management of the Company - Case Study Example The President of the company, Gaziano, is practically a one-man-army at the top, while the experienced founder and director of the company, Rev. Whipple has not involved himself at the corporate strategy level. The reverend is passionately engrossed in research and development, which is but one of the functions of business only. Great companies are created from great business models. Prelude Corporation must understand that it is not in the lobsters business, but in the foods business. Its business model must be at par with or excel that of other food giants in the world. The company must evaluate its export opportunities, as the product can be packaged and preserved for a long time. As the local competition is intense and profit margins are low, the company needs to find niche markets for its product all over the world, in order to achieve better price realizations. At the same time, the top management must be constantly engaged in the task of assessing and identifying new growth platforms that are consistent with the company's business model. Just by milking the existing cash cow, the company is limiting its future growth potential, and leaving the field open for other competitors to seize the initiative and competitive advantage over it. Prelude Corporation is involved in a capital-intensive business. ... Size and scale of operations is critical to long-term survival in the business that Prelude Corporation is engaged in. Therefore, the company needs to develop a strong business plan and proposal, and seek out substantive equity partners in the market who are willing to invest funds in the company for the long-term, against a shareholding in the company. Once the private equity funds are successfully employed and the company's financial condition improves, the company must gear up to expand its capital base further by approaching the public equity markets, with an aim to raise funds to reduce its debt financing burdens, and to invest for its future growth plans. Raising finances at a cheaper cost, and diluting the company's equity is not a task of a faint-hearted management. It requires tremendous patience, conviction and intense persuasiveness to achieve success with private equity financiers and make them partners in your future growth. In absence of such aggressive pursuit of its financial goals, the death-knell of a company is sure to be sounded sooner or later, owing to the over-burdening of expensive debts. Human Resource Strategy and Peoples Strategy Prelude Corporation needs to differentiate itself from the rest of the unorganized lobster industry and create innovative incentive schemes to motivate its employees. The human resource strategy often differentiates a good company from a great company. Each employee, including the lowest level fisherman, of the company must be made to feel that he is a part of the family, and his needs and grievances must be attended to with sincerity. Cheap employees in the end prove to be more costly in the long run. Therefore, considering the size, scope and ambition of Prelude Corporation, it

Definition of a princess or anything else Essay

Definition of a princess or anything else - Essay Example d person just because you haven’t ever had to earn a living and even if you would have then all you would’ve done is, buy the entire Macy’s clothes collection just because to get an opportunity to look down on everybody else...’’ While it is true that I enjoy manicures, pedicures and saloon hair treatments once every forty days but it doesn’t make me a spoiled spendthrift or even a snob and it is also true that I work at the local Hospital as a certified Nurses Assistant where I’m dedicated to taking care of my patients, my patients regard me as a friendly Nurses Assistant. I am a person that enjoys helping out people in every possible way. I would do almost anything to make the lives of others better. I enjoy working for the betterment of the health care profession and that is the reason, why I have been doing it for the past twenty years and I work hard and put my best foot forward to accomplish the best for my patients. Due to my love and kindness for mankind, I’m sure that I would help anybody regardless of caste, creed and color. Therefore, I’m a kind hearted and a hard working person and not a spoiled snob. I’m from a small North Dakota town, and I made my way to Grand Forks after graduating from high school, and in order to feed my family and to save money for college I had to become a conservative person. I was earning more than any girl my age and was not only supporting my family but also saving money for college. Later I continued my education to pursue a career as a Licensed Practical Nurse. This means that I have the patience and heart to take care of other people other than myself. It also means that I have the will to devote my life for the betterment of others. For me, my patients come first and this is very different from the idea of a snob, therefore I’m hardly a cold hearted person who looks down on others. Another reason, why people usually stereotype me is because of my aristocratic looks and ice blonde hair. My good

Freud’s theory of Psychosexual Development Essay Example for Free

Freud’s theory of Psychosexual Development Essay I will begin my essay by outlining Freud’s theory of Psychosexual Development and I will then go on to evaluate how far this help us to understand a client’s presenting issue. Freud’s theory of psychosexual development begins with the belief that human beings are purely driven by biology, in the form of the libido or sexual energy. The driving force of the libido is divided into five stages, he argues, and our early experiences during childhood are responsible for the development of a healthy personality, or if any individual were to experience trauma during these stages then it would result in disruption in the child’s personal development and the child may become stuck in this stage, resulting in neurosis. This five stages of sexual libido are: The Oral Stage – from birth to about 18 months – is where the child directs all its attention to the mouth in the form of sucking, eating and drinking. If stuck in this stage the client may still like to use their mouth a lot, resulting in the client presenting with overeating, drinking, smoking or talking The Anal Stage – from about 18 months to three years – is where the child directs their attention to the elimination of waste, and of the feelings experienced by the expelling of waste. This is also the stage where the child first experiences an element of control over themselves, as to where they excrete or and indeed whether or not they excrete their waste product. The child learns that he can use his bodily functions to elicit attention from his carer by excreting on the floor rather than in the potty. Clients stuck in the anal stage may be either anally retentive or expulsive in personality. Those that are anally retentive individuals are controlling and like to have everything in order – they may suffer from OCD and have quick outbursts of anger. Anally expulsive individuals tend to be untidy and disorganised. The Phallic Stage – from about three to five years – is where children become aware of their genital regions. This is the stage where the child starts to become aware of the differences between male and female genitalia, and their energy is spent undressing themselves, and perhaps others, in order to explore these differences. It is also the stage  of manipulating the genitals and the discovery of pleasure in doing so. It is during this stage that the Oedipus conflict arises; the belief that a boy has incestuous cravings for his mother and views his father as a rival for this affection. The boy also fears his father, as his father is bigger than him in all ways including his penis. Freud argued that the boy feels castration anxiety at this stage as a result of repressed sexual desire for his mother. If the boy has the correct parenting at this stage, then the boy identifies with the father and comes to have harmless affection for the mother. The Electra complex is the female counterpart. It is based on the view that each girl wants to possess her father and replace her mother. A phallic fixation can lead to an individual with a narcissistic, homosexual, egotistical or overly sexualised personality that may lead to serial marriage, polygamy or polyandry. The phallic fixation tends to use sex to discharge emotional tension and will often have sexual relationships that are superficial and lacking in love and affection The Latency Stage – from five years to adolescence. In this stage, sexual motivated needs subside as the child focuses their attention on developing other skills needed for their survival. A child stuck in this stage may have issues forming sexual relationships and have trouble expressing themselves sexually, leaving themselves and or their partners sexually unfulfilled. The Genital Stage – from adolescence to adulthood. During the onset of adolescence, the child moves from self-love or narcissistic love to diverting this love to others. It is argued by psychotherapists that are advocates of this theory that individuals disrupted during the ‘Genital stage’ may result in sexual disorders such as fetishes and paedophilia. According to Freud, only symptoms can be modified, and not the behaviour of the client – this can be done in two ways: 1. Lessening of the intensity of the unconscious urges, by bringing them to the consciousness or by strengthening the defences against them. An example of lessening the client’s behaviour is by encouraging a client to leave a job where aggressive urges were continually being aroused by an oppressive boss. 2. Alternatively the client can act out their urges in a more acceptable and symbolic way. An example being that anal urges can be expressed through pottery, as an alternative to faecal play. Feminists would argue that Freud’s theory concentrates on male sexual development, and provides little in understanding female sexuality. Freud’s work has also  been criticised for over emphasising sex drive and little else in order to assess a client’s presenting issue. Carl Jung and Fromm, two students of Freud, agreed with this statement, but used Freud’s work to develop their own theories, which I outline below. Carl Jung (1875 -1961) believed that that the libido was not just sexual energy, but instead generalised psychic energy. The purpose of this psychic energy was to motivate the individ ual in a number of ways, including spiritually, intellectually, and creatively. It was an individual’s source for seeking pleasure as well as reducing conflict. Jung placed greater emphasis on the unconscious than Freud; he argued that the psyche was composed of three components. Firstly, he believed that the ego is conscious, because people are aware of their own thoughts, memories and emotions. The unconscious mind, Jung believed, was split into two parts (the remaining two components): The personal unconscious, which is the same as Freud’s belief, in that it consists of repressed memories. Jung explained an important feature of the personal unconscious called ‘complexes’. A complex is a collection of thoughts, feelings, attitudes and memories, which focus on a single concept. The more elements attached to the ‘complex’ the greater its influence on the individual. The second deeper level is the Collective consciousness. This level of unconscious is shared with other members of the human species, comprising of latent memories from our ancestral and evolutionary past (‘The form of the world into which a person is born is already inborn in him, as a virtual image’ Jung, 1953). Jung called the ancestral memories and images ‘archetypes’. For Jung, our primitive past becomes the basis of the human psyche, directing and influencing present behaviour. Important archetypes include: the persona, or our social mask, just like an actor in a play; Anima/Animus, or our male and female sides – this comes from living side by side with the opposite sex for centuries; the shadow, similar to Freud’s ID, comprised of our animal urges or survival and reproduction. Jung argued that the psychological development of both sexes was undermined as the development of western society has led to the devaluation of feminine qualities over the predominance of the persona, leading to insecurity. Jung agreed with Freud that a person’s past and childhood experiences determined future behaviour, but he also believed that we are shaped by our future aspirations too. Erich Fromm (1900 – 1980) differed with the Freudian  emphasis on unconscious drives. Fromm argues that a person’s drives were not purely biological – he believed that man had free choice to decide on whatever action he felt appropriate and therefore gui ded their own destiny. Fromm saw conflict arising within the individual, when they had to weigh up the freedom of choice with the fear of uncertainty, when making these decisions. As a sociologist and psychologist, his theories integrated both psychology and Marxist Historical Materialism. Fromm argued that each socioeconomic class fosters a particular character, governed by ideas and concepts that justify and maintain the socioeconomic system. Fromm believed that the unique character of human existence gives rises to eight basic needs. Firstly Unity, as human beings have lost their original oneness with nature, they need to relate in order to overcome their isolation. Secondly their relatedness with others, care, respect and knowledge. Thirdly humans need to transcend their own nature, as well as their passivity and randomness of existence, which can be accomplished either positively, by loving and creating, or negatively, through hatred and destruction. Fourthly the individual also requires a sense of rootedness or belonging, in order to gain a feeling of security, and sense of identity. Fifthly the sense of identity which is expressed non-productively as conformity to a group and productively as an individual. Sixthly is need is for orientation understanding the wor ld and our place in it. Seventhly is excitation and stimulation or actively striving for a goal rather than simply responding. Eighthly is effectiveness the need to feel accomplished. This Orientation can be achieved either through assimilation (relating to things) or socialisation (relating to people). Fromm identified several character Orientations in Western Society. Authoritarianism when an individual cannot come to terms with this freedom, he could avoid his responsibilities by withdrawing beneath the protection of someone or something else. Examples of this include God, a specific political leader of party, an institution of even one’s carer. Receptive Orientation this is common in a society which encourages exploitation of the individual, who then seeks solace in affection and related comforts, such as eating, where the individual can only take and not give. Exploitative Orientation the defence being the aggressive possession of goods, usually those of others. Examples being the plundering of goods in historical times, or in more modern times, those  nations that seek the territories and chattels of others. Productive Orientation which donates love and tolerance towards others, and an acceptance of their freedom, with the ability to use this orientation to their advantage, without harming others. Hoarding Orientation – the ‘I want – I need’ society, based on material wealth. If one owns objects, then the individual can be seen, at least in his eyes, as clever and powerful. These individuals are threatened by the outside world and cannot share. Marketing Orientation – this is people copying or being influenced by the media and advertising by wearing the latest fashions. Individual personal qualities are redundant over what looks good. The individual sees themselves as a commodity to be bought and sold. Fromm added two further states: Necrophilous character- attracted to death Biophilous character – drawn to life. According to Fromm, gaining independence from one’s parents leads to a profound sense of loneliness and isolation, which the individual attempts to escape by establishing some type of bond with society through social conformity and submission to authority. By relating both Jung and Fromm’s work to our clients, they have made us aware of the client’s wider world or heritage into which he or she is born. Jung would argue that a Muslim woman may have low self-esteem and isolate herself from others, but these presenting issues are more down to the client’s collective consciousness than their childhood. In this case, Jung helps us as therapist to understand that the client’s neurosis may not arise from bad parenting, but from something primal based upon evolution within the individual. Fromm’s Socio- economic theories also provide us with insight of the client’s wider world, and how neurosis can arise due to external economic forces that dr ive the client’s neurosis in an exploitative and materialistic society that values things over the human existence. Both would argue that it is our environment rather than biology that constrains us, in the form of society and culture. For Jung and Fromm, in order to understand the client’s presenting issue, we must also understand their culture and the way in which they relate to the economic society into which they are born. An alternative view to Freud’s psychosexual development is that of the Behaviourist approach. Behaviourists believe that what is learned can be unlearned. Skinner built upon the work  of Pavlov’s classical conditioning experiments (1927) and his use of dogs as subjects, and the Little Albert experiments of Watson and Rayner (1920). To further these experiments, Skinner (1938) designed a Puzzle box and, by using rats, he showed that by using both positive and negative reinforcements, he could change the behaviour of the rats, as their behaviour is affected by consequences. He called this Operant Conditioning to which he identified three responses: Neutral Operants: responses from the environment that neither increase nor decrease the probability of a behaviour repeated. Reinforces: responses from the environment that increase the probability of a behaviour being repeated – this can be ether positive or negative Punishers: Responses from the environment that decrease the probability of a behaviour being repeated. Punishment weakens behaviour. Skinner concluded that there was a Law of Effect, and that by using reinforcement, behaviour tends to be repeated, while behaviour which is not reinforced tends to die out. As human beings, we often respond to verbal Operants by taking advice, listening to the warnings of others and by obeying given rules and laws. This helps us understand the development of children, as the feelings associated with behaviour are controlled by conditioning. If the child has been positively rewarded, then the child is more likely to repeat those behaviours happily and willingly, feeling that they are doing what they want to be doing. If on the other hand the child avoids these behaviours due to negative reinforcement, they will be inclined to feel that their freedoms are being repressed, resulting in feelings of negativity, which could led to depression or anxiety. The work of Skinner, Pavlov, Watson and Rayner has led to the development of different treatments, such as C ognitive behavioural therapy and talking therapy that will help you manage your problems by changing the way you think and behave, commonly used to treat anxiety, depression and phobias but can be useful for other mental and physical health problems. In conclusion, Freud’s work on psychosexual development does help us in part to understand a client’s presenting issue, by understanding that their behaviour may very well stem from how their parents handled the child’s psychosexual development. By accepting this assertion, it also helps us to understand that what we, as society, view as very disturbing or deviant behaviour can arise from childhood trauma. This allows the therapist, and society, to be more  compassionate to such clients. An example of this is that Freud stated that homosexuality is neither a sinful nor a criminal act, but rather a condition that arose from childhood biological and psychological factors, and was just a ‘variation of the sexual function’, and because of this is could not be treated by punishment or therapy, but should just be accepted. Freud’s work, as already discussed, is limited in understanding the client’s total world, however we must understand th at Freud’s work was the first of its kind in understanding human psychological development, and was written at a time when most adults probably were sexually repressed, as well as viewing homosexuality as sinful. The later work of others, including Jung and Fromm, built upon his work, to help us understand the client’s presenting issue in a wider context. They widened our worldly view of the client by demonstrating how neurosis of the individual may also arise due to internal factors of the collective consciousness, arising from cultural and social heritage, or by external factors, such as how the client relates to the economic environment into which they are born. The work of the behaviourists also helps us to understand that any negative social conditioning also plays its part in understanding the client’s presenting issue. As a final note, we must remember that it is the job of the therapist to use the work of others as a tool to understanding the client’s own world in order to get enough understanding of the client’s perspective in relation to their own presenting issue. This understanding helps facilitate the client in coming to their own conclusions as to how best to tackle their own presenting issue, either by managing their condition from the Freudian perspective, or helping them change their own perspective and/or behaviour, as argued by the behaviourists. Bibliography What Freud Really Said – David Stafford-Clark (1996) 1935 – Freud’s letter response to a mother asking him to treat her homosexual son. (1935) Handbook of Individual Therapy – Edited by Windy Dryden (1990) Counselling for Toads – Robert De Board (1998) McLeod, S.A (2008)

Ceremony By Leslie Silko :: essays research papers

Ceremony by Leslie Silko The novel Ceremony, written by Leslie Silko deals with the actions of a Native American youth after fighting, and being held captive during World War II. The young mans name is Tayo and upon returning to the U.S., and eventually reservation life he has many feelings of estrangement and apathy towards society. The novel discusses many topics pertaining to Native Americans, through the eyes of Tayo and a few female characters. The novel is one that you must decide for yourself what you believe, and why certain ideas or characters points of view are important. When reading the novel Ceremony, you must decide what you actually believe, and what situations were only figments of Tayo's stressed mind. Many of these situations occur throughout the book, some are very clear and others have hidden meanings. On a whole I believed what Tayo had to say about the world from his shoes. There are certain instinces that I know what Tayo is seeing is completely impossible. In Ceremony one must decide why and how the women's perspective is of importance. I believe the reason the women's view is to put a different perspective upon everything that goes on in the book, as compared with the perspective of Tayo. There are two women in the book who put their perspective into the story, one of them is the elderly mistress of Josiah and the other one is Helen Jean who went on one of the many joyrides that Harley and the others went on. These women are actually just a way for the author to explain how the rest of society viewed Tayo. An example of this is when Helen Jean describes Tayo "Too quiet, and not very friendly(161)". Another thing this allows the author to do is to show how the War affected the young women from the reservations. She is able to show you how Helen Jeans life was in just a few pages. Silko was able to show how the Native American war veterans looked to anyone who happened to look upon them, but that wasn't one of them. The perspective of the women also helped to debunk a lot of the stories the men told about the war and their various conquests etc. Another item for discussion that comes up in Ceremony is what did you as a reader actually learn? Well I learned many things that I found to be interesting,

Filipino Woman in the Biography by Lucy Komisar Essay

Literature is any form of expressing human’s simple to complex experiences that blend, combined and applied into words, well-chosen and arranged. It is full of thoughts, feelings, dreams, sorrows, aspirations and grief of human expressions in every harmonious way of expressions. It is a choice, choice of expressing everything without the hesitation from any hindrances. It is just like entering into a voyage, not to find good fortune but to have pleasure and satisfaction. It can be compared to choice of writing. Humans are writing not because of compliance but because they want to express something for the sake of self- satisfaction. They are not reading because they want to learn a lot but because to feel enjoyment while reading. It is not like going abroad for good but because of the experience. Through literature, people confide on to, talk to, rely on and can be the source of every emotion that they have to feel, feelings that distinguishes the level of their personality th at evokes their admirations. It is believed that the social and sexual conditions of women essentially embody their nature that the manner they are treated in society is congruent with what they really are. Thus, women’s social environment, can be generally described as subordinate to men, sexually colonized in the system of dominance, submission and denied rights and the basis of sex, historically chattel, basically considered biologically inferior confined to sex and reproduction. For most part of society and across time and space, man dominates the upper level of political, economical and social power while women are rarely or only partially included. The worth of men is generally more valued than that of women and is usually more compensated. Men are typically more valued in themselves as person, a fact often expressed in social customs, rights and laws. In fact, in almost every culture, the tools and conditions necessary for analysis, the means of communications and the forms of legitimating of knowl edge have been jealously and effectively kept from women. Today, Filipino women are no longer confined to the manual task of household chores but their full potentials, talents and innovativeness are explored and utilized. The power of women is such a huge and limitless tool of intellectual resource, a very vital factor behind a nation’s growth and development. Empowering the women at home, in the community, in work, in every aspect of society would mean empowering the other half of every aspects of nation’s human resource. At present, the Filipino women are already leaders in their own rights. They occupy high positions in the society. As they are free, they are also able to participate in social, economic and political activities. They command the respect of men – rights denied to them with the introduction of the Spanish culture in the country. After, nearly four hundred years after the Spaniards conquest of the Philippines, the Filipino woman has come full circle. She is now able to cooperate more effectively with men with the realization of common aspirations—a better world to live in, governed by the principles of justice and good will. Many writers have been supporters of Cory. They have produced books and a journal containing Cory’s life and Lucy Komisar is one of them. Lucy Komisar is a free-lance journalist, whose articles and analysis of foreign affairs have appeared in the wide variety of publications, including the â€Å"New York Times, the Washington Past, the Christian Science Monitor, the San Francisco Chronicle, the Miami Herald, News day and the Toronto Star, among many others. She is the authors of two books; â€Å"Down and Out in the USA: a history of Public Welfare and the New Feminism and has lectured at universities through out the country. She a member of the executive board of PEN, American Center, a past National Vice President of the National Organization for Women (NOW). She reported from the Philippines during the election campaign and peaceful revolution only in 1986 and returned recently to write the biography of Cory Aquino. The book â€Å"Corazon Aquino: the Story of Revolution†, is the first biography essay of Corazon Aquino by Lucy Komisar. The book traces her life from the childhood in the wealthy family in the Philippines, her marriage to Benigno and her life in exile, a dramatic revolution that install her as President. It also describes the evolution of her life as political leader as she began putting a government together and taking on political and economic problems that face her country. A timely and evocative book, Corazon Aquino is moving portrait of a woman who demonstrates a new kind of heroism. Indeed, there is no doubt that Komisar is one of the writers and journalists who believes in the proper rights of women exercised in the society. The researchers believed that the writer, though an American journalist and writer has a big concern in the status of women in the society. Thus, the thorough analysis of Lucy Komisar’s biography â€Å"Corazon Aquino: the Story of Revolution† vividly reflect the personalities of the former president Corazon Aquino and the women’s rights that rarely Filipino women exercised. Theoretical Framework The study is anchored on the general view of women’s right as well as human’s right. According to Legazpi (1998), the 1987 Constitution declares that â€Å"the state shall value the dignity of every person and guarantee full respect for human rights.† Enshrined therein, as a state policy is the recognition of the role of women in nation building and fundamental equality before the law of men and women. Within this framework, guaranteed respect of their personal dignity and human rights and equal treatment in all aspects of life is presented. The Constitutional Acknowledgment of Women’ rights are reiterated in numerous statutory enactments and relating to such subjects as civil relations, family rights and labor conditions. Various internal instruments to which the Philippines are the signatory signify and reinforce the state’s commitments towards upholding these rights. With particular focus on the character of Corazon Aquino as a Filipino woman, the researchers gave much attention on how the former president exercised her rights on every character and how she gained recognition from these characters. Meanwhile, through the application of formalistic approach of literary analysis, the writer’s point of view in his essays such as styles, purpose and theme were studied. Statement of the Problem The study discusses the Character of Corazon Aquino as a Filipino Woman in the biography by Lucy Komisar. Specifically, this study answers the following questions: 1. What are the events that project the character of the First Female President? 2. How does Corazon Aquino show the character as a Filipino Woman in the following personalities: 2.1Wife and Mother, 2.2 Widow, 2.3 Leader? 3. How do the author reveal the character of Corazon Aquino in relation to: 3.1Style, 3.2Purpose, 3.3Theme? 4. What implications of the essays are portrayed to uphold women’s right? Scope and Limitations The study focuses on the Character of Corazon Aquino as a Filipino Woman in the biography by Lucy Komisar. In the study, the researchers gathered the events that project the character of the First Female President. It also analyzes how the late president shows her character as a leader, wife, and widow that makes her a strong and powerful president. The style, purpose and theme are also analyzed The study is significantly devoted to the evaluation, analysis and interpretation of the biography written by Lucy Komisar, â€Å"Corazon Aquino: the Story of Revolution†. Significance of the Study The study on the Character of Corazon Aquino as a Filipino Woman in the biography written by Lucy Komisar, â€Å"Corazon Aquino: the Story of Revolution† is important in providing greater understanding and insights about the social issues in the society. Nevertheless, for those who specialize in English, the study could serve as a literary drill so that they may engage into critical analysis and interpretation and in the process that understand their value and significance. With the dynamism of education, the teaching approaches, instructional materials, references should conform to the changing times of our societal history. In this regard, the study can be used as a reference and instructional materials or tool in teaching the life of Corazon Aquino. For the teachers of literature, the study can help them generate insights on how students will be directed and/ or guided in dealing with and analyzing literary works. Likewise, the study may also enlighten the Filipino women especially of the contemporary times with regards to their rights and their roles as individuals, and as members of the society. For future researchers, the study may help them bring about the techniques, treatment and approaches in analyzing literary works. The study may also be used as a reference in sociology. It may help the readers understand the nature of the Filipino woman and her complexities. Most of all, the study may serve as a significant indication on the life of Corazon Aquino and the Filipino woman that can set a great pattern for the rights of women. Definition of Terms For the purpose of clear and consistency of terms used in the study, the following terms are hereby defined: Character – combination of qualities that distinguishes as individual person. In the research, it refers to the personality of Corazon Aquino as a wife, widow and leader. Civil Law – refers to the body of customs or practices applicable to specific group of community. It is the kind of law that the Corazon government exercise during her term. Concepts – it is the general idea toward a thing of universal specially, an abstract one. These are the ideas about the character of Corazon Aquino as Filipino Woman. Criticism – it is an intelligent appreciation of any work of art. It is the process of studying the literary piece in the present study. Descriptive Research – type of research that requires a detailed analysis of various aspects and phenomena and their interrelationship. It is the kind of research that researchers used in the present study . Historical Research – the systematic collection and evaluation of data to describe explain and thereby understand actions or event that occurred in the past. It is the basis of the researchers to present study, to collect data and references about the life of Cory Aquino. Liberalism – a doctrine of constitutional promulgation that presents liberty and freedom leaned on the consumption that liberty is natural right and that all over are born free. It is the vision of Corazon Aquino to the Filipino women during her presidency. Maidens of Antiquity – they are women who are perceived to play the traditional child hearing and house keeping. It is the kind of Filipino women that Corazon Aquino wants for a change. Silent Dictatorship – this relates to the characteristics of unobtrusive women over the household, personally take care of everything and have the power over all action and decision of a household. It is the relationship of husband and wife. The wife took all the responsibility and household chores while the husband holds the power. Social Liberation – refers to the ideology that women are capable of fuller and more positive involvement in the growth of the society in which they are apart of advocates, the woman should be viewed as valuable human resources of every fact of natural and international life. It is the organizations that builds women as part of the society and play a crucial role. Women are the center of society and highly regarded. Style – the manner of writing or composing piece with passion or elegance. It is the manner on how the author writes the essay in formal form. Personality – excellence or distinction of social and personal traits. It refers to the characteristics of Aquino as a Filipino woman and all women in the society. Purpose – the aim of an essay which is intended to deliver to the reader him/herself. It refers to the goal of the author on how to show the character of Corazon Aquino in the essays. Presidency – the office, dignity, terms, jurisdiction or residence of a President. It is the position Corazon Aquino holds after the EDSA revolution of 1986 over Marcos’ government. Theme – an idea or motive in a work which may be varied or developed. It is the basis of the topic or concept in the present study. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter presents the review of related literature and study of the research. Related Literature Foreign Literature During the time of Roman republic, women are underestimated by men. In the women’s lifetime, they have to obey their husbands as well as their father. Women are to take care of their guardian. Roman women are typically married off by the age of eighteen. After marriage, women cannot claim rights in her husband’s property and can not appeal in court. But the law has changed, wherein woman becomes powerful in terms of rights and can inherit the property whenever their husband dies. Some women in the elite class become powerful because of their richness, power through marriage and their adulterous. (Russel, 1996) Before, women were not allowed to vote, to be part of the public and political life and even going out without covering everything except their eyes. In other countries, they were not allowed to drink alcohol and if they were caught, they would be punished severely or punished to death. Women have played different role in different society and in different times. In matriarchal society, women are more powerful than men. In paternal society, men are everything to women. Women and men have the same right. Men occupy the position as the group leader more often than women, but old women assume such roles. Women are now working industriously and earn money to support their family. They work hard as men, but they do not get some respect and salary as men. Women have been tired and worked hard to gain some rights as men. (www.women @society.htm, 2008) It has been clear over the last half of the century that women have made the great strides and effort to achieve equality in all areas of society. It might be able to shed some lights as to where our society is going in regard to women in elected office. One will surely think that men are the ones against women in politics; in fact, in the beginning, men are the ones who vote before a woman president, before the women can. The same instance holds for the amount of people who believe that women are not suited for politics. The religious and non- religious sects are expecting more liberal views about women in politics as time passes. But people have believed that women have the right to be representatives in politics. The trends that people see bring up the problem in our society. Yes, it is true that men and women, the religious and non religious, all feed that women have place in the politics but still lack in equality as to the number of offices that women hold. In order for a change to be made, women must have the courage and belief that they are just as qualified to be in politics and must be extremely aggressive in their action. (www.women@politicshtml, 2008) Frummer (1981), states that critical essay helps reader understand a subject. To be critical means to be keen in every detail of the research a person is studying. Its Greek root means â€Å"to separate, discern or choose†; thus the critical essay attempts to enhance the reader’s understanding of subjects by analyzing different parts and interpreting its meaning. It may deal with any subject worthy of serious study like a painting, a film, a social movement. In most writing classes, however, the critical essay assignment focuses in literature although similar procedures are followed in writing other essays. The success of the critical essays depends on another process- the informed reading of another imaginative literature. According to Harmon (1992), the essay is divided into two: the formal essay and the non formal essay. Formal essay is diversified in form, spirit and length. At one extreme, it is represented by brief, serious magazine article and at the other by the scientific and philosophical treatises like books rather than essays. The technique of the formal essay is now practically identical with that of all factual or theoretical prose in which literary effect is secondary. The informal essay, on the other hand, has its beginning in aphoustic and moralistic writing, animated by the infection of the personal, broadened and lightened by a free treatment of human manners, controlled somewhat by the limitations of periodical publications has developed into a recognizable genre, the first purpose which is to entertain. Stanford (1999) suggests that when responding to an essay one should consider its central purpose. An essay may make significant comparisons or contrasts; it may explain the reasons of an occurrence or explore the effects of a particular event or action. Some essays contemplate or speculate on an idea, exploring many possibilities without insisting on one final conclusion; many other essays, in one way or another argue for or against a point of view, a solution to a problem or a new way of thinking about the word. Whatever the essay’s purpose, a reader should look carefully at the writer’s choice of words as well as the way he or she structures both the essay itself and its sentences and paragraph. Local Literature The highly personalized word of action in an impediment to the development of a wider, institutional sphere is based on abstraction such as â€Å"the rule of the law† and â€Å"the common good†. It may be assumed that this has much to do with the central position of the mother in the Filipino household and all the burdens that it entails. This position becomes the ideological pivot that places women apart from men. The purity of women symbolizes the wholeness of the home. As a superego representative, the term â€Å"Mother† remains the primary embodiment of conscience. In extending and symbolizing warmth and goodness, the female as a wife and mother should love, that is forgiving: she should be gentle and compassionate with those who morally depend on her. (Mulder, 1997) According to the Asian Development Bank (2002), the major constraints affecting the sociological status of Filipino women are very often quite separate from the substantive nature of law itself. Even in countries where women’s right are fully guaranteed in law, the actual implementation and protection of those rights are often compromised by a complex system of practices based on historical, cultural, linguistic, religious, political and other traditions. In many cases, the factor giving rise to the discrimination is many deep-rooted and relate to non legal or paralegal issues. During the period of revolution, the aim of Katipunan was to work for the independence of the Philippines. Besides the pursuit of this aim, there was valuable reaching which the manners were strictly required to follow. Respect for womanhood was the moral qualification of an applicant before she could be accepted as a member. The observer of the article referring to woman was strictly demanded during the early days of the association. There were not a few in who was expelled because of failure to live up to teachings of the organizations. (Kintanar, 1996) Among all the domains in which the Fili pino woman participates, it is perhaps in the home where she enjoys the highest status. When women themselves strongly believe that their place is at home, they become household centered. The wife’s work is to be a loving and loyal mate to her husband. She is responsible for keeping the marriage intact by means of her patience, hard work, submissiveness, and virtue. A mother must attend to her children’s needs such as meals, health, clothing, school needs and moral and religious development. She remains a good household manager and puts her own welfare before that of her husband and children. The recent upsurge of interest in advancing the development of women and increasing their participation in community affairs has also resulted in a realization that they can and should become effective partners of men in development endeavors. Women are therefore urge to refrain from confining themselves to the home and household work– their social, economic, political and religious endeavors altered to. (Torres, 1995) Cory Aquino has already earned a unique pl ace in the history. In the world dominated by men in action, she is a rarity by virtue of her sex; in a political world, where man assumed power through the traditional electoral process or violence, she became the nation’s President through circumstances without any known precedent. As a family member, she is a very clear about her likes and dislikes. She has never been neutral. She tries to do it in a nice way but she makes it very clear that, for example, â€Å"I’m sorry, I can’t support you†. As a mother, she has always cooled under pressure. When her husband was arrested, she was upset that she was in perfect control. Her siblings could always look up to her as a source of strength. (Crisostomo, 1986) As a housewife, she never missed a chance with her husband. She stood by the side of her husband and never questioned all his decisions. She never chided him for the troubles he brought into her family. When Ninoy was challenged by Imelda in his prison cell, Cory took his p lace in the campaign. She, who did not have the experience in the political stage, nor entertained much, hope that she would make it. For seven and a half years, she stood outside the gate of his maximum security prison. As the color of her life changed, she followed a few days later, no longer as a housewife but as a widow to lay his body in the grave. The military soldiers took away her husband’s life by shooting him at the back of his head. Before, she was declared as a President, there were lots of consequences she encountered. The chanting done in the computer during the election offered to her just to reject the position and more. Despite of this consequences and offer, she was not dictated by them; instead, she made some moves to fight for what she deserved. (Tica, 2007) As a president, she forced three major tasks: rebuilding democracy, reserving the economy and ending the communists’ insurgency—the longest running of its kinds in the world. Her camp and her military advisers suggested that the inauguration be held inside Camp Crame where they would ensure security. But the civilian activists wanted it before the huge crowd of EDSA to dramatize the fact that she was being installed not by military but by People’s Power. For almost 13 years of Marcos service in the government, the communist turned into a formidable force enjoying the distant admiration of the nation. Everybody wanted Marcos government to lose, but nobody wanted communists to win. Cory Aquino was fortunate. Almost everybody wanted her and they did everything just to place Cory in the position. It made the Filipino people admire the power and bravery of Corazon Aquino. She was the first Filipino woman president who proved to the nation that women could also place in the politics of a society. (Philippine Daily Inquirer, 2003) The essay is the communication from the individual author, as person to the reader. Like fiction, the essay is read rather than heard or seen and for these reasons, the author will typically identify himself as one addressing the audience. Since the essay is read from the printed page, its content is not objectively present. This is also true of fiction. However, the typical essay is thought off by the reader as a communication from the author to itself. (Tan, 1995) According to Ramos (1991), an essay may be of any length, breadth, death, density, color, savor, odor, appearance, volume or uselessness. It is broadened on one side by the hell fire sermon and or the other by geometrical demonstration; and it ranges easily between these extremes of heat and occasionally steals from both of them. The main division into which the essay may be divided, is the personal/ familiar essay – a transcript of a personal reaction to some phase or fact of life; the author does not regard life with the cold eyes of the scientific thinker. The second is formal essay – a serious and personal. It undertakes to discuss a subject critically and coldly; and though it also reveals the author’s tastes and views, the intimacy between writers and readers hardly exists, for the personality of the former is suppressed. (Roseburg, 1969)

Panasonic Advertising and Promotion - 5463 Words

Introduction Panasonic Corporation was founded in 1918 by Konosuke Matsushita. It’s main business in electronics manufacturing for the market. It’s grown to become one of the largest Japanese electronics producers. Panasonic Corporation engaged in business through two business segments which are consumer electronic products and business electronic products from digital AV to home appliances, to industrial solutions, security system and other electronic equipment and products to satisfy specific consumer needs worldwide. The company name of Panasonic was created in 1955 and was first used as a brand for audio equipment. It is a combination of two words which are Pan, meaning â€Å"all† and†¦show more content†¦Therefore, communication process can be explained when an idea or message is trying to send to the receiver through any transmission devices, communication automatically takes place when the receiver is able to understand the information send by the sender. In the communication process, the first step have to perform is the sender. Sender means the company that manufacture and sells products or services to their customer. In another word, they make use of symbols (words or graphic or visual aids) to convey the message and produce the required response. For Panasonic, the sender will be the Panasonic Corporation worldwide. Based on the advertisement, we found there are Panasonic’s slogan and the product name appearing on the bottom right corner to create awareness in public that Panasonic is the corporation that manufactures the Smart VIERA 3D TV. The sender generates thoughts to be conveyed. The second step, sender involves in the encoding process. In order to convey meaning, the sender must begin encoding which means translating information into a message in the form of symbols that represent ideas or concepts. The symbols can take on numerous forms such as languages, words, or gestures. 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